Washington/Tel Aviv, October 21, 2025 – In a stark warning that underscored the razor-thin margin for error in the Middle East's latest bid for peace, U.S. President Donald Trump declared on Monday that he would authorize Israel's complete eradication of Hamas should the Palestinian militant group fail to honor its ceasefire commitments. The threat came amid escalating tensions over stalled hostage body handovers and a deadly flare-up of violence in Gaza over the weekend, which has tested the U.S.-brokered truce just 11 days after its implementation. As Trump spoke from the White House, Vice President JD Vance touched down in Tel Aviv, embarking on a high-stakes diplomatic mission to reinforce the fragile agreement and prevent its collapse.
Trump's remarks, delivered to reporters during a briefing on domestic economic policy, marked a sharp escalation in rhetoric from the administration, which has invested heavily in portraying the October 10 ceasefire as a cornerstone of Trump's foreign policy legacy. "We made a deal with Hamas that they’re going to be very good, they’re going to behave, they’re going to be nice," Trump said, his tone blending characteristic bravado with impatience. "If they’re not, we’re going to go and we’re going to eradicate them, if we have to. They’ll be eradicated, and they know that."
The president's words echoed across international headlines, drawing immediate condemnation from Palestinian officials and cautious support from Israeli leaders. Hamas, the Iran-backed group governing Gaza, dismissed the threat as "empty bluster" from a leader more interested in domestic political theater than regional stability. A spokesperson for the group's political wing, Izzat al-Rishq, accused the U.S. of bias in favor of Israel, stating in a statement reported by Al Jazeera that Trump's comments were "designed to fabricate pretexts for resuming the genocide against our people." Yet, even as recriminations flew, both sides reaffirmed their nominal commitment to the deal, with Hamas announcing late Tuesday that it had retrieved two additional hostage bodies from rubble in Gaza City, set for handover by evening.
The ceasefire, hammered out in marathon talks in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, under Trump's 20-point peace plan, was hailed by the president as the "historic dawn of a new Middle East." Its first phase, which began on October 10, called for an immediate halt to hostilities, the release of all remaining living Israeli hostages (completed last week with 20 freed), and the return of 28 deceased captives' remains. In exchange, Israel agreed to release nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners and detainees – a process that has already seen over 1,200 returned – while withdrawing forces beyond a so-called "Yellow Line," ceding control of Gaza's main urban centers but retaining oversight of its borders and roughly half the territory.
Implementation, however, has been anything but smooth. The weekend's violence exposed deep fissures: On Sunday, Palestinian militants – whom Israel attributes to Hamas – launched an anti-tank missile and sniper fire at Israeli troops in southern Gaza's Rafah area, killing two soldiers, Major Yaniv Kula, 26, and Staff Sergeant Itay Yavetz, 21. The first Israeli fatalities since the truce took effect, the attack prompted a swift Israeli retaliation: dozens of airstrikes using 153 tons of explosives targeted alleged Hamas command posts, tunnels, and weapons depots across the enclave. Gaza's Hamas-run health ministry reported at least 45 deaths, including 18 children and nine women, with strikes hitting residential areas in Bureij refugee camp and Khan Younis. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) claimed the operation neutralized 12 militants, including field commanders, and insisted it was a "limited response" to a "blatant violation."
Hamas vehemently denied orchestrating the assault, with officials telling Reuters they had lost contact with fighters in Rafah months earlier due to the devastation. "Israel is using fabricated pretexts to justify its crimes and evade responsibilities," al-Rishq said, echoing a narrative of Israeli aggression that has dominated Palestinian discourse. The group has also cited logistical hurdles in recovering hostage bodies, buried under tons of rubble from two years of bombardment. As of Monday, 13 of the 28 pledged remains had been transferred via the International Committee of the Red Cross, including those of Ronen Tomi Engel, 54, a father killed during the initial October 7, 2023, attack, and Sonthaya Oakkharasri, 30, a Thai agricultural worker. Forensic identification at Israel's Abu Kabir Institute confirmed the remains, but families of the unrecovered – like Tamir Adar, 38, from Nir Oz kibbutz – have pleaded for urgency, with his mother, Yael Adar, telling The Guardian, "Every delay is a betrayal."
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office issued a resolute statement emphasizing zero tolerance: "We will not compromise on this and will spare no effort until we return all of the deceased hostages, every last one of them." Netanyahu has tied progress to broader enforcement, including threats to keep the Rafah crossing closed – Gaza's primary lifeline to Egypt – until full compliance. This has exacerbated humanitarian strains: Aid inflows, ramped up post-ceasefire, were briefly halted Sunday but resumed Monday after U.S. pressure, with World Food Programme trucks delivering flour and water to Nuseirat camp. Yet, restrictions persist; the UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reports that blocked roads and damaged infrastructure have left over 640,000 Gazans in "Phase 5" emergency conditions, facing acute hunger.
Vance's arrival injects fresh urgency into these talks. The vice president, accompanied by Second Lady Usha Vance, landed at Ben Gurion Airport to a subdued welcome from Israeli officials, including Ambassador Yechiel Leiter and Justice Minister Yariv Levin. His itinerary, spanning until Thursday, includes meetings with Netanyahu on Wednesday focused on "security challenges and diplomatic opportunities," as well as a visit to the headquarters of a U.S.-led multinational task force overseeing stabilization. Analysts view the trip as a dual warning: to Israel against overreach that could unravel the deal, and to Hamas against provocations like internal crackdowns on rival gangs, which Trump initially downplayed but now condemns.
Preceding Vance were U.S. envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, Trump's son-in-law, who met Netanyahu Monday to discuss "developments in the region." Their presence highlights the administration's all-hands approach, with Trump telling CNN's Jake Tapper that Israel could "go in in two minutes" if needed, though he stressed giving the truce "a little chance." No U.S. ground forces would be involved, Trump clarified, emphasizing Israel's lead role.
These efforts unfold against the war's staggering human cost, a grim backdrop that amplifies the stakes. Triggered by Hamas's October 7, 2023, assault – which killed 1,221 people, mostly civilians, per Israeli figures – the conflict has claimed at least 68,216 Palestinian lives in Gaza, according to the territory's health ministry, data deemed credible by the United Nations. Over half are women and children, with peer-reviewed studies in The Lancet estimating indirect deaths from disease and malnutrition pushing totals toward 70,100 by early October. Israeli casualties stand at 1,983, including 913 soldiers, per the IDF. The war has displaced 90% of Gaza's 2.3 million pre-war population, demolished 80% of buildings, and orphaned thousands – with 2,596 children losing both parents and over 53,000 losing one, per Gaza Health Ministry tallies.
In Gaza, the ceasefire's fragility breeds despair. Displaced families like Ismail Baba's in Beit Lahiya, who fled north after Sunday's strikes, describe a "fleeting peace shattered by bombs," as reported by The Guardian. "We had barely started moving freely again," Baba, 48, said. "Now we're back to fear." Humanitarian groups warn of famine risks, with the IPC classifying Gaza City as in full famine since August. Aid workers face peril: Over 370 UNRWA staff have been killed since October 2023, including two in recent weeks.
Broader regional dynamics loom large. Egypt's intelligence chief, Hassan Rashad, met Netanyahu Tuesday to advance mediation, while Hamas delegations in Cairo discuss Phase Two – disarmament and technocratic governance – with Qatari and Egyptian brokers. Trump has rallied Arab allies, including Saudi Arabia and the UAE, behind the plan, but skepticism persists. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas condemned Hamas's alleged executions of collaborators as "heinous," urging unity.
As Vance shuttles between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, the world watches a high-wire act. Trump's eradication threat, while bolstering Israel's resolve, risks alienating mediators and reigniting cycles of vengeance. Yet, for families on both sides – from grieving Israelis awaiting remains to Gazans burying fresh dead – the truce represents a sliver of hope amid ruins. With Phase Two's ambitious roadmap for Gaza's demilitarization and reconstruction on the horizon, the coming days could cement peace or unravel it entirely. For now, the guns are mostly silent, but the echoes of Trump's words hang heavy: Behave, or be gone.