The cargo ship was launched at about 9:50 EDT (0150 GMT) and arrived at the space station three hours later to deliver supplies to the six Expedition 63 crew members.
The cargo craft carried water, oxygen, fuel and dry cargo including "oranges, grapefruits and sausages", according to the Russian TASS news agency.
It said the Soyuz rocket was dubbed the "Victory rocket" in tribute to the 75th anniversary of Russia's victory in World War II.
Space.com said the cargo spacecraft will remain docked with the space station for about seven months and is scheduled to leave the orbiting laboratory in December, at which point it will burn up in Earth's atmosphere.