The drowned three-year-old toddler has become the symbol of the refugee crisis after haunting pictures appeared showing his body being carried off a Turkish beach last week.
Above him is an advertisement for McDonald's reading: "Two children's menus for the price of one".
There is also a cartoon mocking Aylan's religion, with a caption reading: "Proof that Europe is Christian".
It shows a Jesus-like figure next to the words "Christians walk on water" and a little boy upended in the sea next to the words "Muslim children sink".
The drawings come nine months after 12 people were murdered by Jihadi gunmen around the Paris offices of Charlie Hebdo after the magazine mocked the Prophet Mohammed in a series of cartoons.
Charlie Hebdo's new cover "Proof that Europe is Christian - Christians walk on water - Muslim kids drown" speechless pic.twitter.com/xsbZ5fjwNz
— Rim (@SimplyRim) September 13, 2015
It led to millions around the world including politicians and celebrities rallying under the "Je Suis Charlie" ("I am Charlie") slogan, as it came to represent free speech.
But barrister Peter Herbert, Chair of the Society of Black Lawyers and former vice chair of the Metropolitan Police Authority, was among many who said Charlie Hebdo had overstepped the mark.
He added: "The Society of Black Lawyers will consider reporting this as incitement to hate crime & persecution before the International Criminal Court."
Numerous other outraged posts attacked the "disgusting cartoons", while others said it was an example of how Hebdo attacked the "powerless' rather than the 'powerful".
The tragedy led to a vast outpouring of compassion around the world, with countries such as Britain and France pledging to take in thousands more refugees.
Charlie Hebdo continued publication after the January terrorist attacks, and has since made millions thanks to donations and sales.
But many have noted how the quality of the publication, which had been struggling to survive financially before the shootings, has remained low.
Defenders of the magazine's cartoons - which have included a depiction of a black politician as a monkey - argue that they are using racist and religious stereotypes to mock racist and religious stereotypes.
